Engine



Feb. 2, 1932. HpM. LEONARD 123439595 ENGINE origina; Filed April 2. 1927 Patented Feb. 2, 1932 'PATENT ori-*ice nowenn iur. Lid-zonnen' OFYSOUTHKBEND, INDIANA, AssIGNOn To' GERNANDT'MOTOR Y conPoRATION, oren-Ionen, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION@ ILLINOIS y ENGINE- Appl'ication ledAprily 2; 1927, Serial' No. 180,504. Renewed ctober 2, 1930.

rllhis l invention .relates to engines, and; is illustrfat'ed. als embodied infai-tWo-cycle Diesel engine ofi' the double-di'ameter ypistoni-type. Ano'bje'ct' of theinven'tion `is to simplify the fuel-injecting mechanism, by arranging; the

Afuel-nj"coing -plunger'or its equivalent for4 direct operation by th-e engine` pistoni. In-'on'e desirable arrangement,` the plunger is in a relatively small cylinder beside and paralleling the smaller-diameter portion of the engine cylinder, and is operated by direct engagement with the larger-diameter part of the engine piston.

The above and other objects and features of the invention, including various novel arrangements and desirable particular constructions, will be apparent 'from the following description of one illustrative embodiment shown in the accompanying dra-Wing, in Which: l'

The figure is an axial section through the engine cylinder and piston, and through the fuel-feeding mechanism, of a two-cycle Diesel engine.

The illustrated engine includes a cylinder block 10, having the usual passages 12 forl Water cooling, and providing at its upper end a smaller-diameter portion for the corresponding part 14 of theengine piston. The cylinder block also has a larger-diameter portion, shown as 'formed in a. separate casting 16, for the larger-diameter part 18 of the engine piston. A detachable cylinder-head 2O is shown secured to the block in any desired manner.

Beside and paralleling the smaller-diameter portion of the engine cylinder, and intersecting the larger-diameter portion` adjacent its periphery, the cylinder block is formed With a pump cylinder 22, Which may be closed by means such as a threaded plug` 24 at its upper end. The fuel is introduced into Johe pump cylinder in any desired manner, e. g. through a conduit 26, and is there mixed With and vaporized in a charge of air or exhaust gas. The mixture is then compressedl by a pump plunger 28 in the pump cylinder, and at the end of the compression stroke of the piston 14 it is injected into the engine cylinder through a passage 30 through the plunger,

which at 'that instant-,registers With a passage-32 through the cylinder Wall. Y

The pumpyplunger may be formed With a separate and'readily-renewable upper portion\34,held in place by a-spring 36. According toan important feature of the invention, the plunger is operated directly by the piston 14%18, preferably being connected to the partv 18 ofthe piston by a' ball-and-socket joint 40.. i (Y Asthe operation of a Jmvo-cycle double-diameterpiston engine'is wellllnovvn, extended explanation of the operation o'ftheengine is-oinitted. .The Aplunger 28, inthe arrangementshown, on its downwardv stroke receives a charge-ofl fuel through conduit 26, and at the lower endof its stroke Whichis limited by'- the abut-ting shoulders 42 and 441it clears thefpassage 32, Ajust before the endbfV the power stroke of piston 14. l-Iotburnedor exhaust gases from, the engine cylinder thereupon` rush through passage 32 and-lill the pump cylinder 22, Vaporizing thefuelduring the upvvard'stroke ofthe plunger 28.- Atthe 'end of this stroke, the vaporized mixture is in'j ectedinto the, engine cylinder through passage 32,Vthe fuel mixture and the air inthe engine cylinder both being at such a. temperature. thatthe fuel ignites spontaneously, as is usual inDiesel-type engines. Y While one illustrative engine has been described-in detail, it is notmy intention to limit the scope ofthe invention to that particular yengine,or otherwise' than by the terms of the y'appended claims. f

'I claim: j `1. An-engi-necomprising, in combination, an engine cylinder and a double-diameter piston, andl`v means for feeding fuelto the cylinder including a plunger operated by direct engagement with the larger-diameter portion of the piston.said `plunger disconnectedly engaging saidvlarger diameterfportionthrough the intermediary of a'ball'and socket joint. i n 2. An internal combustion` engine having, in: combinationwith a combustionchamben a compression chambery locatedat one side thereof,Y af piston in the combustion Chamber, a plunger in the compression chamber, said .1

plunger seated at its lower end within a socket formed in the piston to be actuated by the piston to compress the fuel in the compression chamber.

3. An engine comprising in combination, a combustion chamber, a fuel compression chamber located at one side of the combustion chamber and communicating therewith through a fuel passageway, a piston in the combustion chamber, a plunger in the compression chamber adapted to compress the fuel therein and controlling the passageway leading therefrom to the combustion chamber, said plunger being adapted to be actuated directly by the piston.

4. An engine comprising a cylinder having concentric bores of different diameter, a relatively small fuel pump cylinder beside and paralleling the smaller diameter cylinder and intersecting the larger diameter cylinder, a step piston within said concentric cylinders, a fuel plunger within said ump cylinder, means urging said plunger ownwardly, a stop for limiting downward movement of the plunger, and a stem o-n said plunger adapted to contact with the step of said piston and be actuated thereby for forcing fuel into the cylinder.

5. An engine comprising a cylinder having concentricbores of different diameter, a relatively small fuel pump cylinder, a step piston within said concentric cylinders, a fuel plunger within said pump cylinder, means urging said plunger downwardly, a stop for limiting downward movement of the plunger, and a stem on said plunger adapted to contact with the step of said piston near the top stroke thereof and be actuated thereby.

6. An engine comprising a cylinder, a piston having a radial extension, a fuel pump cylinder, a plunger within said pump cylinder, means limiting the downward movement of the plunger and means operatively connected'to the plunger adapted to Contact with the extension during an end portion of the piston stroke.

7. An engine comprising, in combination,

a block including a cylinder having a smallerdiameter portion and a larger-diameter portion in axial alignment with each other and having a relatively small pump cylinder beside and paralleling the smaller-diameter portion and intersecting the larger-diameter portion adjacent its periphery, a piston having smaller-diameter and larger-diameter parts in said portions of the cylinderV respectively, and a fuel-feeding plunger in said pump cylinder having a limited stroke and operated by said larger-diameter part of the piston.

y' 8. An internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber and a fuel compression chamber communicating therewith through a fuel port, a working piston in the combustion chambeigand a working plunger in the compression chamber adapted to Contact with the piston during a portion only of the piston stroke to be reciprocated thereby, and formed with a fuel passageway adapted at one position of the plunger to register with the fuel passageway leading into the combustion chamber.

9. An internal combustion engine having, in combination with a combustion chamber, a compression chamber arranged alongside of the combustion chamber and communicating therewiththrough a fuel port, a piston in the combustion chamber, and a plunger in the compression chamber adapted to be directly engaged by the piston during a portion only of the piston stroke to be actuated thereby to compress the fuel within the compression chamber, said plunger being adapted to control the fuel port leading from the compression chamber to the combustion chamber.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name.

HOWARD M. LEONARD. 

